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IN SEARCH OF THE MESSIANIC SECRET:
CAESAREA PHILIPPI

An Independent Source of News & Views

Jesus at Caesarea Philippi

Jesus went on with his disciples to the villages of
Caesarea Philippi; and on the way he asked his
disciples, ‘Who do people say that I am?’   And they
answered him, ‘John the Baptist; and others, Elijah;
and still others, one of the prophets.’   He asked
them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’ Peter
answered him, ‘You are the Messiah.’* And he
sternly ordered them not to tell anyone about him.
Mark 8:27-30.

Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea
Philippi, he asked his disciples, ‘Who do people say
that the Son of Man is?’ And they said, ‘Some say
John the Baptist, but others Elijah, and still others
Jeremiah or one of the prophets.’ He said to them,
‘But who do you say that I am?’ Simon Peter
answered, ‘You are the Messiah,* the Son of the
living God.’   And Jesus answered him, ‘Blessed are
you, Simon son of Jonah! For flesh and blood has
not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven.
And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will
build my church, and the gates of Hades will not
prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the
kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind
on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you
loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.’ Then he
sternly ordered the disciples not to tell anyone that
he was the Messiah. Matthew 16:13-20.

Once when Jesus* was praying alone, with only the
disciples near him, he asked them, ‘Who do the
crowds say that I am?’ They answered, ‘John the
Baptist; but others, Elijah; and still others, that one
of the ancient prophets has arisen.’ He said to
them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’ Peter
answered, ‘The Messiah of God.’ He sternly
ordered and commanded them not to tell anyone,
saying, ‘The Son of Man must undergo great
suffering, and be rejected by the elders, chief
priests, and scribes, and be killed, and on the third
day be raised.’   Luke 9:18-22

The Messianic Secret

The stern admonishment of Jesus to his
disciples to keep secret his messianic identity until
the hour has arrived is known as the "Messianic
Secret."    Modern scholars have discerned other
instances of the Messianic Secret in the Synoptic
Gospels, especially in the Gospel of Mark. (See, e.g.
Mark 1:21-28, 1.43–45; see also, Mark 3:2, 6:1–6,
Matthew 13:10–12, and Luke 8:10). The Fourth
Gospel leans in another direction in that John the
Evangelist presented Jesus as being fully forthright
and unreserved regarding his divinity and
Messiahship, as can be noted from the "I am"
quotes.

Caesarea Philippi of the Gospels (and Before)

The primary locus for the Messianic Secret is
Caesarea Philippi which Shirley, Arthur, and
I visited on April 20, 2010. Thousands of year ago,
the place was associated with Ba'al-gad or Ba'al-
hermon of the ancient Canaanites. This is also
thought to be the northern-most extent of the
conquests of Joshua (circa 1500-1400 BCE). Later,
around the turn of the 3rd century BCE, the
Hellenized Seleucid kings maintained a cult temple
for the worship of the god Pan (a goat-legged,
horned character who served multiple roles as a
deity of rustic places, music and goat herds,
and the sower of panic). Accordingly, the place
was known as Paneas (Greek: Πανειάς; Arabic:
الحولةبانياس ‎; Hebrew: בניאס‎; also spelled Banias or
referred to as Tel Dan), especially at the gushing
spring of water. Today, water no longer gushes
forth to any height but merely flows gently in
streams out of the bedrock, but the area now forms
the headwaters of the River Jordan which flows
south into the Dead Sea.

After 20 BCE, the area passed into the hands of the
Herodian dynasty, Idumeans (Edomites) who made
a claim to rule as Jewish kings. Herod the Great
dedicated the site to his Roman patrons by erecting
a temple of white marble. After his death, one of his
sons, Philip the Tetrarch (issue of his fifth wife
Cleopatra of Jerusalem) made the city his
administrative capital, and gave it his own name.
After his death, the Tetrarchy was annexed into the
Roman province of Syria, although in 61 CE, Herod
Agrippa II, the last of the Herodian dynasty
reclaimed it as his own city but had re-name it
Neronia, in honor of the Roman emperor. After the
start of the First Jewish War (67-70CE), the Roman
General Vespasian, during his advance from Syria
towards Jerusalem, rested his army here before
going on to defeat the Galileans and then laying
siege to Jerusalem.

During the Crusades, this area was relentlessly
contested, with ownership passing back and forth
between the contenders.

Caesarea Philippi & Vicinity Today

Today, this sacred site lies on the edge of the
militarized Golan Heights (of northern Israel) at the
south-western foot of Mount Hermon (Har Hermon
or Arabic Jebel esh-Sheikh). and mostly serves as a
historical attraction. Exploring the area, one can
travel along some of the roads of the rocky plateau.
This is the strategic Golan Heights which form the
disputed borders of modern Israel and Syria.
Below the hills are the headwaters of the River
Jordan with its diminishing lakes and reservoirs
which are carefully monitored to maintain the water
level downstream.

Pilgrims presently can climb up to the Pan caves,
soothe their feet in the flowing streams and pools
below the caves, stroll in the coolness of the lush
gardens sustained by the abundant water, and
relive the Confession of Peter to Jesus. One can
ponder further on the meaning of and reasons for
the Messianic Secret. Why did Jesus not want his
Messianic identity proclaimed sooner? Why did the
Gospel of John take another approach? At the
headwaters of the Jordan, for anyone so inclined,
he or she may indulge in the ritual of full immersion
baptism in the footsteps of Jesus.

At the risk of oversimplification, the Messianic
Secret of Caesarea Philippi can be viewed as a
apology for the human nature of Jesus Christ and
this humanity is a vital part of his Christology.
Charleston Wang, 5/2/2011.

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Wilderness of
Abraham,
Jesus & Israel-
Palestine,"
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ARGUABLY THE LONGEST SERVING & MOST EFFECTIVE WEAPON IN ITS CLASS - NOW ENTERING
OBSOLESCENCE) DISPLAYED ON THE GOLAN HEIGHTS

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"They have treated the wound of my people carelessly, saying, ‘Peace, peace’, when there is no peace. " Jeremiah 6:14.

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"Herodion:
A Fortress
During the
Gospels,"
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RUINS OF THE TEMPLE
DEDICATED TO THE
EMPEROR AUGUSTUS BY
HEROD THE GREAT

Peace Like a River
Peace like a river ran through the city
Long past the midnight curfew
We sat starry-eyed
We were satisfied
And I remember
Misinformation followed us like a plague
Nobody knew from time to time
If the plans were changed
If the plans were changed.

You can beat us with wires
You can beat us with chains
You can run out your rules
But you know you can't outrun the history train
I've seen a glorious day.

Four in the morning
I woke up from out of my dreams
Nowhere to go but back to sleep
But I'm reconciled
Oh, oh, oh, I'm going to be up for awhile Paul Simon

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," click
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